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Point to Point Protocol

PPP stands for the Point to point protocol it’s a typical standard for transferring the pieces of information or data gram over the pointed links. Basically it’s an encapsulation protocol in peer to peer communication. It tracks the targeted traffic in the fully configured point to point IP networks. It works with data link layer in the OSI model and is locate din the TCP suites protocols. The entire model links are synchronized with the attached modem to initialize the transfer to the control to the next layer of OSI model. All the protocols except Internet Protocol can be carried using the point to point protocol synchronization.

How Point to Point protocol works
Point to point protocols work collectively along with its all the components that are joint for collaboration for transferring the datagram to the targeted point to point link. It is located and works with the Data link or second layer of OSI model. Its major components are as follows

Encapsulation process. Point to point protocols helps the encapsulation of the datagram by multiplexing of other protocol present over the network with the same link. This process retains the reliability and security of the data gram packets. Encapsulation and multiplexing technique may vary with the hardware compatibility.
LCP LCP stands for the Link control protocol it’s a sub component of the point to point protocol which is dynamic and works according to the environmental specifications .LCP automats the agreement procedure for all the encapsulation formats used in the ppp , it also has the ability to efficiently handle the sizes of packets, looped back links , and frequent and common configurations defects. Link termination is also controlled by the link control protocol. In some of the point to point protocol setups the facility for the identity authentication and proper link function is also provided. In this way it become obvious to the connected users when link is working properly and when its terminated or fail to execute.
NCP. NCP stands for the Network Control Protocol its an extension to the LCP which is developed for constructing , maintaining, configuring and testing of the data communication links.
Configuration: Its next process or subcomponent of PPP which integrates the LCP and NCP for configuration of network.
For initiating the communication process over the point to point protocol the data packet must be configured according to the specified design .first packets from LCP are sent to
the data link layer for testing and after that data grams for individual link an be set over the PPP. The specified format of the point to point protocol over a single layer is
Frame Format

	16	24	40bits	Variable	16 - 32 bits
Flag	Address	Control	Protocol	Information	FCS

Flag - specifies the start or end of a data frame, it consists of the sequence of binary digit such as 11001010 .
Address – hold the binary format of 11111111, for the broadcast address. Point to point assigns single address to all the links.
Control – the next portion is the control which has the binary sequence of on and off bits to specify the exact command such as 00000011, this makes calls for transmission of data from the users to the un sequenced information frame
Protocol – this portion indicates the encapsulated information in the complete packet.
Information – this the main portion in which message which is to be sent over the PPP link is present it contains 0s and octet bits that represents data.

FCS –stands for Frame Check Sequence Field, it usually has 16 bits. With the improved version of point to point protocols one can use the FCS of even 32 bits